Mesenchymal stromal cell products for intra-articular knee injections for conservative management of osteoarthritis

Sports injuries and secondary joint problems, mainly of the knee, are common, especially in sports associated with high impact activities and/or torsional loading. The consequences can be career ending elite athletes reduce exercise recreational people. Various cell products injected intra-articularly. First, fresh cellular mixtures prepared same day, such as stromal vascular fraction adipose tissue (SVF) bone marrow concentrates (BMCs). Second, autologous mesenchymal cells (MSCs) isolated from BMCs or SVF and, after several weeks laboratory expansion, millions MSCs obtained for intra-articular injection. Finally, allogeneic marrow, perinatal tissues selected donors constitute an ‘off-the-shelf’ experimental treatment injection delivery patients osteoarthritis knee. perceived efficacy all these is based on hypothesis a paracrine mechanism action: when living delivered within joint, they establish molecular cross-talk immune local phenotypes, thereby modulating inflammation subsequent modifications catabolic/degenerative milieu. Current clinical research examines whether translates into actual benefits. Overall, studies lack quality needed to answer major questions, including structural efficacy, optimal dose, number injections specific protocol delivery. Poor designs exacerbated by diversity patient phenotypes that hinder comparisons between treatments. Further understanding disease pathology paramount develop potent function assays understand host tissue, product both should primed before